What is the primary purpose of surface observations in meteorology?

The primary purpose of surface observations in meteorology is to provide real-time data on weather conditions at a specific location. These observations are crucial for understanding the immediate weather environment, as they include measurements of temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, atmospheric pressure, and precipitation. This real-time data is essential for various applications, including weather forecasting, aviation safety, and agricultural planning, as it helps meteorologists assess current conditions and make informed decisions.

While historical weather patterns are valuable for understanding climate trends, and predicting future weather relies on patterns and models that incorporate real-time data, the essence of surface observations is their immediacy and accuracy in capturing current weather phenomena. Monitoring ocean currents, while important for oceanography and marine navigation, falls outside the primary focus of surface observations in meteorology.